GASC

a. Transformation b. Protein purification c. Gene Therapy d. CVS, Amniocentesis e. Genetically engineered foods and biologically harvested fuel sources. f. Genetically engineered organs g. Cloning a. Taking an organism and transforming into something else **//__(Concrete)__//** b. You take a specific gene out and replace it with something else. c. For example (bacterial): implant a gene for antibiotic resistance (**//__Global)__//** d. The Green Fluorescent Protein carries with it Ampicillin Resistance a. Step number 1: Starter cultures i. E.coli: Our bacterial host ii. Plasmid= circular chromosomal DNA iii. The starter cultures are grown in normal nutrient solution iv. Normal E.coli is susceptible to ampicillin b. Step number 2 i. Choose a single E. coli colony and mix with CaCl2 ii. CaCl2: the cell membrane is permeable to Cl but not Ca iii. Cl will come in and therefore so will H20 causing the cell to swell and DNA uptake can occur iv. You then heat shock the bacteria to release the “heat shock genes” v. These heat shock genes are essential for the DNA uptake.
 * __ 1) __** **__Genetic Engineering (//Global)//__**
 * __2)__** **__Transformation__**
 * __3)__** **__HOW?(Sequential): LAB__**

a. Ion Exchange b. Hydrophobic Interaction c. Affinity d. Gel Filtration __**5)**__ __**What do we do now?**__ **//__(Abstract, Conrete,Global)__//** a. Gene Therapy: i. Replacing a mutated gene that causes disease with a healthy copy of the gene. ii. Inactivating, or “knocking out,” a mutated gene that is functioning improperly. iii. Introducing a new gene into the body to help fight a disease. iv. Is it safe? v. Gene therapy is currently under study for effectiveness b. Steps to running clinical studies L  **//__(sequential)__//** i. FDA must approve the clinical studies ii. Must then register with the NIH Office of Biotechnology Activities iii. Then to the NIH Recombinant DNA Advisory Committee. iv. IRB then must approve the gene therapy study v. IBC (institutional biosafety committee) does the same a. Non-germline b. Mostly in use today c. Focuses on gene therapy for disorders of the blood and bone marrow d. Why? Because the therapy won’t be passed on to the next generation i. germline e. Controversial therapy to sex-linked disorders or diseases f. These therapies would be passed on to the individuals’ children g. Pro: could wipe out an inherited disorder from the entire germ line h. Con: (1) Mistakes will be too and (2) The unborn children are affected and don’t have a vote i. Therefore: Feds will not provide federal funding to be used for this a. Currently only available for research purposes b. Cancer c. Certain Genetic Disorders d. HIV/AIDS a. // The Black Death: Europe 1347-52 // b. // Yersinia pestis: // The Bubonic Plague, India, China 19th century **__9) HIV/ AIDS__** (**//__Abstract__//**) a. [] b. What step inhibitor could be best performed by gene therapy? __**10) CCR5: The Docking Protein**__ a. Found in the cell membranes of nerve cells and white blood cells. (**//__Concrete)__//** b. They allow chemokines into the cell i. Chemokines are part of the body’s inflammation response __**11) What does this have to do with HIV/AIDS?? (//Abstract)//**__ __**12) A MUTANT**__ **//__(Global)__//** a. A 32 bp mutation to this gene is called ccr5-delta 32 b. Ccr5-delta32 disables the ccr5 receptor c. This is not harmful…in fact people with ccr5-delta32 are IMMUNE to HIV/AIDS __**13) Incidence of ccr5-delta32**__ **//__(Concrete and Global)__//** a. Occurs in 18% of the European population b. 3-4% in the Asian population c. 0% everywhere else a. The ccr5-delta32 mutation came as a result of the black death of the 14th century in Europe b. And the Y.pestis infection of China and India 15)Use of the language functions of the laptops have been used with this labs to accomodate studentsnts non-fluent in English. Also, "Skeleton" handouts of the notes and lab exercises are given so that any extraneous words are eliminated and just the bare essentials are what needs to be written. Therefore, the student knows that whatever they wrote, they need to know.
 * __4)__** **__Next Step in the lab: Protein Purification__**
 * __6)__** **__Types of gene therapy__** (**//__Concrete)__//**
 * __7)__** **__How is it being used?(//Global)//__**
 * __8)__** **__Potential Gene Therapy for HIV__** (**//__Concrete)__//**
 * __14) Hypothesis__**: __**(Abstract)**__